Name: Gond Asmita K.
Roll no: 1
Class: M.A. SEM-3
Year: 2014-15
Enrollment No: pg141101017
Paper : 11 (The post colonial
literature)
Submitted to : M.K.B.U Bhavnagar University
Department of
English
Topic :
Frantz
Fanon is a sociological study of the psychology of racism and the
dehumanization in inherent to colonial domination in ‘Black skin White masks’.
Introduction
of Black skin White mask book:
The black skin
white mask was written by Frantz Fanon. This book is discusses about the post colonialism
which was set up into the mind of the people. So Before reading this book it is
necessary to understand about what is post- colonialism.
Introduction
of post colonialism:
Post-colonialism actually is
an academic discipline featuring the methods of intellectual discourse that analyse, explain and respond to the cultural legacies of colonialism and of imperialism to the human consequences of
controlling a country and establishing settlers for the economic exploitation
of the native people and their land. The post- colonialism questions and
reinvents the modes of cultural perception the ways of viewing and of being
viewed.
As a critical theory, post-
colonialism presents, explains and illustrates the ideology and the proxies of
Neo colonialism with example drawn from the humanities, history and political science,
philosophy and Marxist theory. Sociology , anthropology and human geography :
the cinema , religion and theology , feminism , linguistic and post l colonial literature of which the anti-conquest narrative genres presents the stories of colonial subjugation Of the subaltern man and
woman.
So we can say that
the study of posy- colonialism studies analyse the political of knowledge by analysing the functional relation of social and political power. A lot of people don’t
like the term post- colonial. It disturbs the order of the world. It threatens
privilege and power. It refuses to acknowledge the superiority of western
culture.
Introduction
of Frantz Fanon:
Frantz
Fanon was the author of the book ‘Black
skin White mask’. He was born on July 20, 1925, at Ford-de-France, Martinique,
France. He dies at the age of 36, on 6th December 1961 at Bethesda,
Maryland. He was revolutionary philosopher, psychologist and writer whose writing
influenced post colonial studies. Marxism and critical theory. He was an
intellectual. He dealt with social,
cultural, political problem
Career
of Frantz Fanon
Fanon inspired anti colonial
national liberation movements in Palestine, Sri Lanka and the U.S. He served in the French army. He studied
medicine he was a psychiatrist also. In France in the year of 1952 he has wrote his first book, Black skin white
mask, which analyse negative psychological impact of colonial subjugate upon black people.
About
the book
In Black skin White Masks Fanon
specifically discussed how the existence of the colonial Empire stimulates
racial hatred between Jews and Arabs or Between Arabs and Blacks. Fanon’s works influenced the liberation
movements of the Palestinian the Tamils, African, American but his works
influenced African literature.
1. The black man and the
language
2. The women of colour and
the white man
3. The man of colour and
the white women
4. The so-called
dependency complex of the colonized
5. The lived experience of the black man
6. The black man and
psychopathology
7. The black man and the
recognition
8. By the way of
conclusion
So we can say that
the book is hard for general reader to read to understand. Every now and then
he says something wow that keep you going, but it requires reading and a good
deal of thought to understand a given chapter.
The Book is the study of sociology and psychology of racism
and dehumanization
With the
application of historical interpretation and the concomitant underlying social indictment,
the psychiatrist Frantz Fanon formulated Black skin, White masks to combat the
oppression of black people and this applied psychoanalysis and psychoanalytical
theory to explain the feelings of dependency and inadequacy that Black people
experience in a white world. That divided self- perception of the Black-subject
who has lost his native of the Mother country engenders an inferiority complex
in the mind of the Black subject, who then will try to appropriate and intimate
the culture of the colonizer. Such behaviour is more readily evident in upwardly
mobile and educated black people who can afford to acquire status symbols
within the world of the colonial ecumenism, such as an education abroad and
mastery of the language of the colonizer and the white mask.
After its initial
publication in the mid- twentieth century, Black skin white masks reminded an
obscure book about the servile psychology imposed upon the colonized man, women
and child into a post-colonial legacy of the Mother country to her former imperial subjects. Since the 1980s, Black skin, white masks has become an important
anti- colonial and anti- racist work in Anglophone countries; yet, in
Francophone countries
.
.
Based upon
and derived from the concept of the collective unconsciousness and collective
catharsis the chapter six.” The Negro and psychology “presents brief, deep
psychoanalysis of the inability of black people of fit in the norms means
socio, cultural and racial e established by white society.
That “a normal Negro Child, having grown up in a normal Negro
family , will become abnormal on the slightest contact of the white-world”
That, in a white society such an extreme psychological response originates from
the unconscious and unnatural training of black people from early childhood, to
associate “blackness “with wrong “consciousness”. That such unconscious mental training
of black children effected with comic books and cartoons which are cultural
media that instill affix, in the mind of the white child, the society’s
cultural representation of black people as villains. (Mielants)
So if we minutely
observe any Hindi or English movie we comes to know that all villains and bad
women or men described as black coloured so such things imposed into the mind
of the people that black men are always bad and they have no culture nor
society also. And such things put wrong effect into the mind of the people
towards the black people. Moreover when black children are exposed to such
images of villainous black people, the children will experienced a
psychopathology which meant wound becomes inherent to their individual behaviour make up ; a part of his and her personality. That the early life suffered of
said psychopathology black skin associated with villainy – creates a collective
nature among the men and women who were reduced to colonized populations.
So we can say that Frantz Fanon
work, despite the subjects’ explicit cultural connection with the societies of
the black skinned and other non – white people who were the French colonial
Empire. The medical insight psychology, especially remain valid sociology,
especially applied by people of diverse colonial and imperial people of diverse
colonial and imperial histories such as the Palestine in the Middle East, the
Tamils in Sri Lanka and African Americans in the U.S. in their contemporary
theoridts of nationalism and of anti- colonialism of liberation theology and of
cultural studies, have preferred Frantz Fanon’s later, culturally and political
revolutionary works. Thus the book is related with psychoanalytical explanation
of colonial relations between colonizer and the colonized people.
“The Negro is not
Any
more than the white man
----- By
Frantz Fanon (Benjamin)
Fanon radically questions both the
formation of both individual and social authority as they come to be developed
in the discourse of social authority as they come to be developed in the
discourse of social life. So the book also leads us towards the critical theory
and post colonial society of subaltern is the social group who is socially,
politically and geographically out of the hegemonic power structure of the
colony and the colonial homeland means “history told from below.”
Black skin white mask is a
book about mindset of psychology of racism. The book looks at what goes through
the minds of Black and whites under the conditions of white rule and the
strange impacts that has, especially on the Black people. So let’s see all the
chapters that how Fanon has described all the chapters by and how he has used psychology
and impact of dehumanized society.
Chapter: 1
The Negro and the language:
In this chapter
the author discusses that if a black person does not learn the white man’s
language perfectly he is unintelligent. Yet if does learn it perfectly he has
washed his brain.
Chapter: 2 The
women of colour and the white man
The coloured of woman deep down men
looks down their own race on want to be white which we found in ”the bluest
eyes” novel. Fanon talks about three women Nini, Dedee and Mulatto.
Chapter: 3
The man of colour and the white women
The author in this chapter
talks about the condition of Black men into the white society says that these
men wants to be white too. They think themselves equal to whites. It will
observe Gwendolyn Brooks poem ‘We real cool’
Chapter: 4 The
so – called dependency complex of the colonized
Here, the writer argues against
Mannoni’s view that people of colour a deep desire for white rule, that who opposed
it to do not have a social sense of self that they have on their shoulders.
Chapter:5 The
lived experience of the Black Man
This chapter deals with the
pathetic conditions of Black is as if they are never fully human no matters
have much education you have or how you
act.
Chapter: 6 The man and psychopathology
“” Black man and psychopathology
is related with the some wrong beliefs that had for natives” This chapter asks
that why people fears with the black people? It related with the white
homosexuality and their strange hang-ups about black men’s penises. That they
were treated into the society like animal beings.
Chapter: 7
The black man and the recognition
This chapter deals with
how different style of white rule shaped black people in America and
Martinique.
Chapter: 8 By
the way of conclusion
This chapter is the final chapter
discusses the escaping the prison of one’s past and one’s race. Fanon radically
questions the formation of both individual and social authority as they come to
be developed in rather discourse of social Savereignitu.
Thus, we can say that Black skin white mask is a unique work of art
it deals with many aspects like a man’s search of identity and prejudice that
prevails all over the world and our
country too. The whites addressed third world people as ‘others’. They treat us
as if we were ignorant and animals. None- white means not human but savage – this
is what they believe. Black always wants to be white they did not respect their
own culture because mind set of the white people towards black people. (Fanon)
Thus, we can say that the Black skin white masks book is about the
psychopathology, psychology of racism and the dehumanization of colonial
dominance.
Conclusion:
The black people were made to believe themselves to be inferior to the
colonizers and the colonizers believe to be far superior. So Frantz Fanon
presents hybridity, syncreticity, realization, national and religious
peculiarity, psychology and social mind of set of the white people towards the
black people.
“I will not
make myself the man of any past. I do not want to sing the past to the determinant of my present and my future let the
dead bury the dead.”
Reference
Works Cited
Mielants, Eric. "Black skin, white masks revisited." Human Architecture (n.d.): 300
Works Cited
Benjamin, Grave's. "post colonial web." (n.d.): 99.
Fanon, Frantz. 16 8 2011. http:/abagond wordpress.com.
Mielants, Eric. "Black skin, white masks revisited." Human Architecture (n.d.): 300.
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