The 'White Tiger' is a novel which describes the greed of a man into the rapidly changing the world

M.K. Bhavnagar University

Name: Asmita Gond

SEM: 4(M.A English)

Bath Year: 2014- 2016

Roll no – 1

Enrollment No: 

Paper name:  The new literature

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Assignment Topic:

The 'White Tiger' is a novel which describes the greed of a man into the rapidly changing the world

The novel 'The white Tiger ' is written by Arvind Adiga so let's take an introduction of the novelist Arvind Adiga.

Introduction of Arvind Adiga:

Arvind Adiga is the winner of Man Booker prize 2008 for his debut novel 'The White Tiger' . 33 years old Adiga is a Journalist and author by profession. He is Australian citizen of Indian Origin.

Apart from the White Tiger Adiga has written two novels namely.

1. Between the Assassinations and

2. Last man in Tower

So let's see that how the novel describes a greed of man in a rapidly changing world.

Balram as an Anti-hero:

Balram got anti-hero, complex character assessment, a can driver, an entrepreneur and a murderer rolled into one in the novel

1. a can driver
2.  an entrepreneur
3. a murderer 
4. anti-hero
5. complex character 

Vikram Halwai a rickshaw puller is born and raised in driver in the darkness of the rural India. His family is too poor for him to be able to finish school. Dispite being promised a scholarship Balram instead is forced to break coals and table in a Dhanbad tea shop. His family neither gave him a name nor a date of birth.

But he found that to work into a Tea shop will call not give him Anything and so he has join working as a driver from Mr. Ashok who is land lord into Laxmangarh. And with it Balram enter into the glamorous world. He found that how Ashok brings his girlfriend Pinki onto the mall and so that glamor has started to attracting Mr. Ashok's driver Balram.

And with it Balram has first time felt

“ relation between master and slave”

Balram get aware increasingly with immense world and opportunity all around him and contrast between master and slave. So Balram found the to do murder is the way to release from the servitude and so he has murdered Mr.Ashok and after the murder Balram flees to Banglore with his nephew Dharam. There Balram used the loot to own Taxi company. He was changes his name to Ashok Sharma and become a wealthy antrepreneur in India new technological society. So in this way Balram was become a murderer or we can say a criminal, which shows a greed of a man into the changing world.

With it one idea and thought comes into my mind is that there is only one thing which can give us freedom and that is to live life without fear and fear is biggest enemy into the human being. So if the door was always open so we have to grab each and every opportunities which comes into our life.

Introduction and the plot of the novel “The White Tiger':

The 'White Tiger' is the debute novel by Indian Author Arvind Adiga. It is one of the most powerful book also an amazing and angry novel about injustice and power.

It created different Indias:

“ an India of light and and India of darkness which is focused by the novelist articulating the voice of silent majority, trying to dismantle the discrimination between the big bellies and the small bellies.

Balram Halwai the protagonis is typical voice of underclass and metaphorically described as “ rooster coop” and struggle as set free from age old slavery and exploitation.

The novel provides a darkly comical view of modern day in India through the narration of its protagonist Balram Halwai. Balram loved in village call Laxmangarh Bihar and the son of the poor family.

He has also written four short stories like...

1. The sultan battery

2.Smack

3.Last Christmas in Bandra and

4. The elephant yorker.

Adiga's writing put in a pistachio shell is unapologetic it presenting a blending brilliant and brave mosaic Indian life, his writing is faced fast peaced and dark.

The author also praised to his ability to drive the darkest races of human nature and present the grim side of an individuals personality is an quality grim universe.

These days there are just two castes:

“ men with big bellies and man with small bellies.

And only two destinations”:

“eat or Get Eaten up”

It means that the rich people will never get any crime into their own but they suppressed others who were poor. And because of the greed to get money and become richer and richer is shows greed of a man.

Into the real world we will found that there are biggest people like Ambani, Tata and also Billgates how can we forget Vijay Malya who has a lot amount of money but through their will never get fulfilled and they want more and more money by hook or krook and that was the biggest example of the greed of a man into changing the world.

Balram is the mouth piece of Arvinf Adiga the narrative force in the story gets ironic – pungent and sardonic as it proceeds. In the later part of the story, a dismal and somber atmosphere provides.

Socio economic crises is revealed through the chain of incidents. The character of rich is described as fearless and the character of poor is poor is is described as fearful and so to come into the rich world Balram has done crime.

Adiga tried to make it clear that in the bginning Balram only concerns was the money that Ashok was taking for some minister and he had little intention to kill Ashok. Balram even had his own logic behind stealing the money. As he was watching the red bag filled up with money. As he was watching the red bag his eyes were appears like....

“ A ct watching its prey”

Ant it also shows a greed of Balram to become rich into the world.

City life is the biggest attraction for Balram:

In city life what we will found so it is simple for those people who lives into the cities.But here we will also found contrast between a city people and village people because both have different image into their mind about city life.

According to city people they think that city gives money but hard work also necessary. In city everything will get easily but for that a person has to have good job and work. And city people were spending their money into watching movies and other things like to buy branded mobiles which not easy because it needs money . And so for that a city living people sometimes doing crimes also, which breaks the law of city life and it evokes greed into the people.

According to village people city is a place where one can earn money and live their life happily but a village people does not know that city has everything but they get it by corruption and crime . But it was not understand by village eple because that was out of understanding from village living people.

And Balram Halwai was one of them who has first thought that city life like Delhi is a place which gives Balram name , fame and money, but after realizing that he was mere a slave into the hands of Mr. Ashok he has started to think into the another way and he was attracted towards money and prosperous life and so he has murdered Mr. Ashok and it shows greed into a person into the changing world.

Balram finds tyranny of police and often games , sexual affluence and all types of crimes were common in Delhi but he does not indulge herself in any except killing his master. Such was his new morality Balram is highly ambitious the story of his progress from a humble native Village land to a man with the ambitions is highly tantalizing. As Mackbeth's ambition could not have been fulfilled without removing king Dunkan from his way so Balram's ambition could not have been fulfilled without removing his multi- millionaire master. He does not justify his action or morality after the murder.

Adiga trasmitted of reality be it good or bad indifferent cruel , mean or unimplementable. The novelist explore a vanishing India where there is complete want of understanding between the high and law rural and urban life of the rich and poor.

Marriage in India , marriage as a biggest greed for money

Marriage plays key role into Indian society as well as novel. When Balram's cousin get engaged his family “ get screwed'' with a large dowry they can not afford so to save his reputation and marriage the family has to take out a loan from the stork Balram is forced to dropout the school and work in a tea shop to help raise the money to pay back the doubt trigging the events of the rest of they story.

If we talk about some countries of India like U.P, Bihar and Karala we will found that people doing corruption even into marriage also , by asking a lot amount of dowery from bride's father. And they has to give dowry because without it marriage will not possible and that same thing we will found into the novel 'The White Tiger'. A dowry system can breaks the construction of a family , a nation , a dream and a ritual also. And it all are because of the greed of money.

Impact of Globalization:

Globalization is the biggest issue of the present age. And with the impact of globalization people were attracted towards city life and creating the big job and business.

For some it is cover the concept for global capitalism and imperialism and is accordingly condemned as another form of imposition of the logic of capital the market on ever more region of the world and spheres of life. For others it is the continuation as freedom autocracy and happiness.

But the critics see the impact of globalization as a harmful bringing about increased domination and controlled by the wealthy over the poor thus, increasing the hegemony of the “haves” over “have- notes”.

Which is related to attention towards money and wealth. If we talk about Tm Friedman the phrase 'The world is flat' is that the global competitive playing field is being leveled it now possible for more of the people than ever to collaborate and compete in real time with more other people than ever to collaborate and compete in real time with the more other people on more the different corner of the planet and on a more equal footing that at any previous time in that at any previous time in the history of the world”.

So we can say that Friedman's analysis of the world is flat means people were restricted by rules and regulations but it can be breaks by the effect of the people because rules are made to break which will broken by Balram Halwai . Which shows the greed of the people which can be proceed towards full of a people and into the criminal world.

Circumstances into the progress:

Balram can not see the stones being thrown at animals is forced by the circumstances to be a murderer. After murdering Ashok he remain useful for four weeks and he says....

“ I am not a politician or a parliamentarian not one of those external or extraordinary men who as if nothing had happened.”

It means that Balram does not lost the mobility of his soul even after becoming an entrepreneur in Banglore. He justifies his choice of master as he has alternative to realize climb the ladder of the success. It also seems as if he wants to take the revenge upon all the masters for the age old exploitation of their servants.

So here we can see that a greed of a man will be not destructed and his soul will be also not turn into thewrong destruction but it can be deal with the representation the world be able to feel sorry for whatever he has done during his own and other that was shows reality of that was of the character Balram halwai.

“ Haven't I struggle in the struggle that were poor man , not to take the lashes your father look.'

It means that Balram does lost the mobility of his soul even aftr becoming an entrepreneur in Banglore. He justifies his choice of master as he has no other or alternative to realize his dream to to climb the ladder.

Also the novelist explores the Vanishing India where there is complete want of understanding between high and low rural and urban life the rich and poor the old morality and the new morality also. So the world is devied into two parts where one is suffering and another is enjoying whole life.

Kiran Desai 'The inheritance of loss Arvind Adiga s The white tiger , Arundhati Roy's The god of small things depicted background India all the three talk about deprived and frustration upper and lower class struggle.

Thus, we can say that Adiga 's The white tiger is also related with the same ideas. India which we will find into the novel of Chetan Bhagat which shows the greed of of a man into changing world because here everybody wants to be strong and powerful by hook and crook because money and richness is always get first priority and power people has to feel slavery.

So to be a rich and powerful is the main point shows a greed of every human being like Balram Halwai.

Conclusion:

“ A book must the Axe for the frozen sea inside us.”

---- By Franz Kaika

“ Art is a mirror to reflect reality , but a hammer to shape it.”

----- By Bertoll Brecht

So we can say that in the novel 'The white tiger' we will found that how the relations , thought and behaviours are gettingchange by changing the world and that shows the real greed of a man who wants to be richer than than others . But that greed will be becomes the fall of any human being.

And this novel is the best example of it

“ When we are show scenes of starving children in Africa with a call for us to do something to help him the underlying ideological message is something like.”

“ Don't think don't politicize forget about the true causes of their poverty, just act contribute money so that you will not have to think.”

---- By Slavoj Zizox

Works Cited

<Wikipedia contributors. "The White Tiger." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 16 Mar. 2016. Web. 1 Apr. 2016.>.

<http://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/oct/16/booker-prize>.

.

<http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/09/books/review/Kapur-t.html?_r=0>.

 .

Discuss film review and criticism in film.

M.K. Bhavnagar University

Name: Asmita Gond

SEM: 4(M.A English)

Bath Year: 2014- 2016

Roll no – 1

Enrollment No: 

Paper name:   Mass communication and media studies 

Assignment Topic:

Topic : Discuss film review and criticism in film.

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Beginning / History of the film:

The history of the film is beginning in the 1890s with the invention of the first motion picture cameras and the establishment of the first cinemas. Close up shots were introduced in 1900. The first use of animation in movies was in 1899. By 1914 continuity cinemas was the proceed towards the biggest establishment mode of commercial cinema.

S in this way cinemas were begin into vast beneficial way which was become a tool of entertainment. So before understanding the film review it is very important to know about what is film? And how it functions?

·       What is film?

A film also called a movie or motion picture it is a series of still images which , when shown on a screen creates the illusion, on moving images due to the phenomenon.

A film is created by photographing actual scenes with motion picture cameras. Film is coopered to be an important art from which is source of the entertainment and a powerful medium.

So film is medium of entertainment which is not possible without audience or we can say without criticism. Because no one film was get released without review and criticism. Sometimes films also run through the publicity but how and who were doing publicities? So it is easy to say that critics and reviewers of film were doing criticism and in this way films were running smoothly into the theaters. So film review is very important for films so let's understand what is film review?

·       What is film review?

The film review is a popular way for critics to access a film's over all qualities and determine whether or not they think the film is worth recommending.

A good movie review should entertain, persuade and inform providing an original opinion without giving a way too much of the plot. A great movie review can be a work of art in its own right.

So a film review is not only depends on story but it depends into the whole aspects from starting to end and from costume to place and set it can cover-ups all the aspects. So a film reviews cover-ups...

So into the film review above things are very important to review a film. Because those things were the base and the pioneer of any reviewer and film. So let's see how film reviews are conducted into similar way.

How to write film review?

The film review is not directly starts with the story but first it starts with the basic and surface layer that is from the title to deeper content also. So any film review has to do review according to staying into the limitation of the boundaries of audience as well as the movie makers. So let's understand one by one about the movie review, or we can say film review.

Traditionally film, reviews have been seen as a way to access the artistic merit and public appeal of movie. Film goes use reviews to view a particular film. As the number of film fans, following the advice of reviewers grew film companies saw profit diminish across a broader number of films. In order to counter this development, film studios increased marketing budget and avenues of marketing to development film studios creates more interest in a movie prior to the opening.

Steps to do a film review:

1.    Gather basic about the movie

2.    Take notes on the movie as you watch it

3.    Analyze the mechanics of the movie

4.    Watch the movie you have to selected once more

5.    Write review by covering up all the things related to the film.

So let's take one by one of all above things into a film review.

Gather basic facts about the movie.

In to collecting the basic facts it has to first see the title of the film because the title is important as that was the base of any movie.

If we take the example of the film ' Ram Leela' during that time that film was criticize severely because its title was related to religion and so biggest controversies were happened during the film ' Ram Leela.' So title and year is very important for the any film reviews.

If title will be hurt to any of the social or political aspect then it will be get banned also. Because in India we will find people who were full of emotional which will be never hurts so title is plays main role into any film.

Then comes the name of the director for example Rohit Shetty or Mohit Suri. Because every director has their own style and protocols and so director's name is important for the film review.

Then the names of the lead actors who were doing acting because lead actors has their own rite and regulations and who has to have as much of appropriate personality to fit into the acting and character which was he has to follow.

Take notes on the movies as you watch it.

A good movie reviewer is note down a smaller part or thing to bigger aspects into the review of movies. Like costumes, makeup, set design, music as well as location also. So these things were important for the movie reviews.

Notes of the movies:

·        Costumes

·        Make-up

·        St – design

·        Music

·        Location

Above things were very important which is the main part of any of the movie reviews. So let's see how these things are important?

If we talk about costumes so we can say that costumes are related to marketing into the business.

Because whatever costumes were use into the movies those were becomes fashion and so people are starts to buying such costumes and with it marketing will be started to happen.

But in this film costumes are use to show cultural and Indian values which should not be related to any types of human emotion and it should be perfect to the character and film. So it is important for any movie.

Make-up is related to the role of the characters. Make-up is very important because it gives a real image of any characters. Make up not only gives beauty but it converts character for his real role. And those things were important into the movie review.

Set design should be related to the theme of the film it is either village or city or we can say it is related to the theme of the movie. So in movie review critics are notices that how much money will be spent into the set design and how it will be functions into the movie.

Music related with musicians and singers so a good singer is taking more money and so music is important which the main part of the movie is. Because people like to watch movies because of the music and songs.

Now the location is related to the geographical areas that which types of location is used and why? So it concludes the notes of any film reviewer because location is related with the set and the theme of the film.

v Analyze the mechanics of the movie:

·        Direction

·        Cinematography

·        Editing

·        Costume design

·        Setting

·        Sound system

So above things shows mechanics of the any movies which is related to the construction of the whole movie. Because it is not an easy task to form a movie or a film.

Watch the movie you have selected once more:

This last step is very important for any reviewers because it should be not miss by anyone who is reviewing the film.

It means that a movie reviewer has to watch movie twice because no one thing should be remaining or no one thing will be creates another meaning so it is important to watch the movie twice or thrice to write a review.

So a reviewer should pay attention to the details you might have missed. And then give your opinions clearly about all the aspects of the movie.

So, above all the points and as produce a good film review which is important for any movie reviews and those steps deals with a good film review . Now let's dp and understand about the criticism into the film. And how it will conduct and that was the main part of movie review.

There has been a decline in the readership of many reviewers for the newspaper and other print publications. The vast majority of films critics on television and radio have all but disappear over the last thirty years. As well it can be observed that most of the discussion is focused on box office and business a film does. As if financial success were the only criterion needed to drifine artistic success.

Today art criticism in general does not hold the same place it once held with the general public.

Thus , we can say that film is mad for audience but during the film review a reviewer has to take care of each and eve small point which will not mad bad effect into the mind of the people.

What is film criticism?

A critic is anyone who expresses a value of judgment. Which is related with either good or bad and also positive and negative or balances factors? Since all criticism must be regarded as having a purpose, a critic may also be definable by his or her specific motivation.

So a critic can take any ways to do criticism into a film as its simplest, and for whatever reason a critic may a have either constructive or deconstructive intent.

So film criticism is also divided into various parts like academic , journalistic or social political etc. So let's understand in brief about the film criticism.

Criticism in film:

Film criticism is divided into two parts.

1.    Journalistic criticism and

2.    Academic criticism

So let's take introduction one by one the above two parts of criticism.

So these works are more often known as the film theory or film studies. These film critics try to come to understand why film works and how it works? What it means and what effect it has on people. Rather that critic for mass market publications their articles are published into scholarly journals that tend to be affiliated with university press: or sometimes in ups market of magazines.

So let's understand it one by one.

1.    Journalistic criticism:

Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films and medium. The vast majority depend on film critics on television also radio have all qualities but it disappeared over the last thirty years.

Today arts criticism in the journal does not hold the same place it once held with the journal public. Maby critics analyze a film by its inexhaustibility or the range of its impact an appeal generations of fence beyond its original released date. And so a number of website allows internet users to submit movie review and scores. So that it becomes easy to put a healthy criticism into the any film. Also blogging has introduced the opportunities for a new wave of amateur film critics to have their opinion heard.

Also website like movie and blogger. Com is now blending the gap between movie blogs and movie review sites. So in this by using internet and mass media people can be able to do good movie reviews and criticism. So that it can reach over the people.

2. Academic criticism:

More often known as film theory or film studies, academic critique explores cinema beyond Journalistic film review.

These film critics try to examine why film works and how it works, ? What are its meaning and its effect into the people?

We can take the examples of the movies like...

1.    3 Idiots

2.    Arakshan

3.    Faltu etc.

These movies were related to education and it directly effects on the minds of the students as we found the suicide scene of the film 3 idiots many students has started to commit suicide. So these films were criticized by many critics because it is harmful for the society. So we can say that film criticism related to the ideas of vast image into Indian people towards the films.

Thus, in this way film review and criticism takes place into review any of the movies.

Conclusion:

Thus, we can say that film review and criticism is not only the way of criticizing any film but it needs some methods rules and regulations. 

It also needs hard work and minor observation because without it anybody can not be able to do criticism or film film reviews its negative effect will effects society as well as the people and film industries also.

Works Cited

<Wikipedia contributors. "Film criticism." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 18 Feb. 2016. Web. 1 Apr. 2016.>.

<http://www.slideshare.net/bhatturvi/film-review-and-film-criticism>.

<https://twp.duke.edu/uploads/media_items/film-review-1.original.pdf>.